Radarman (RD) This was a new rating that was established during World War II. During routine steaming operations, CIC was responsible for radar navigation and tracking of routine surface contacts and making appropriate recommendations to the Officer of the Deck. or the number in each thrower. In May 1942, before the first Fletcher was even commissioned, it approved a six-gun ship in which the Fletchers five 5-inch single mounts were replaced with three 5-inch twinsthe 2,200-ton Allen M. Sumner class, with 20 per cent more firepower on a Fletcher hull widened by 14 inches. All records of boiler water treatment and fuel usage were kept in an office referred to as the Oil Shack. In Greece, the former Charrette, renamed Velos (Arrow), is a popular attraction. Again, the terms is and was are used interchangeably in this article. How many depth charges did a Fletcher-class carry during WWII? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Avenue, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 1-202-678-4333 info@navyhistory.org. There was always a stop at Pearl Harbor on the way to and from the deployment for INCOP and OUTCHOP (Change of Operational Command) briefings at CINCPACFLEET. At the time scheduled in the plan of the day, the boatswains pipe would whistle and the word would be passed Now set the Special Sea and Anchor Detail. Four ships have been preserved as museum ships, although only Kidd was never modernized and retains her WWII configuration: Warning: Display title "Fletcher class destroyer" overrides earlier display title "Fletcher-class destroyer". raddish kids recipes; . Wikimedia Commons photos. 175 Fletcher Class Destroyers were commissioned from June 1942 to February 1945. Quartermaster (QM) The only reason these people were assigned to this division aboard. Postwar, the remainder were decommissioned and put into reserve. Their flush deck construction added structural strength; however, it did make them cramped, as less crew space was available below decks compared with a raised forecastle. You mentioned the Radiomen being responsible for teletype and old fashioned morse code key. The class featured enclosed air-case boilers and 80kW of power available by emergency diesel generators. His office was referred to as the Log Room and he would designate one bright young sailor as the Log Room Yeoman to help with the paperwork. Thirty-two were transferred to the navies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Taiwan and Turkey. . As of 3/10/2016, to the best of our knowledge, at ages 92 and 96 only two of us are still alive. By VJ Day, 67 Sumners55 destroyers and 12 destroyer-minelayer conversionsplus 45 ships of a lengthened production variant, initially referred to as the 2,200-ton long hull class and later as the Gearing class. During World War II, the commanding officer was frequently a Lieutenant Commander with far less experience. . As such the questions of how many guns, torpedoes, and depth charges were seen as desirable and further asked at what point would the design grow large enough to become a torpedo target instead of a torpedo delivery system. Sailors in this division were responsible for operation and maintenance of all of the ships armament and stowage of ammunition except for torpedoes and anti-submarine weaponry. Normally half of the sailors in this division would be assigned to each space. Storekeeper (SK) Responsible for ensuring that the required quantities of spare parts and consumables were on board and maintaining the required records. Built in 1943 in San Pedro, California, she is one of 175 Fletcher-class destroyers built during World War II. The XO is often the resident bad guy in the wardroom because many COs like to play the Good Cop/Bad Cop game. The Supply Officer also had department head status. Together, these classes dominated the US Navys destroyer force over the next 25 years. Machinery Repairman (MR) were in charge of the Machine Shop. I did not like this practice and I always made sure that more experienced officers were assigned to these duties when I became a commanding officer myself. The Damage Control Assistant (DCA) was in charge of R Division. Technical information. These conditions refer to degrees of closure to minimize the effects of potential damage. During World War II, the Atlantic Coast destroyers would probably be at battle stations with Material Condition Zebra set by the time that they cleared the submarine net. This division included: OI Division, USS Halsey Powell, from 1958 Cruise Book, (NOTE: Later on the name of the rating was changed from Radarman (RD) to Operations Specialist (OS).). The class was designed in 1939, as a result of dissatisfaction with the earlier destroyer leader types of the Porter and Somers classes. Friedman, Norman "US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History (Revised Edition)", Naval Institute Press, Annapolis:2004, p.111-112. Posted by ; On . However the department heads were directly answerable to the CO for all purely operational matters relating to their departments. The CO, XO, Officer of the Deck (OOD), Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD) and appropriate enlisted personnel would proceed to the bridge. Stewards (SD) Ran the Wardroom Mess and provided valet service for the officers. Copyright 2011-2022 Naval Historical Foundation. In what can only be described as one of the classic destroyer actions in naval history, the three Fletchers attacked the Japanese main fleet. Here in Charlestown, this navy yard built . The Fletcher-class destroyer was a class of destroyers that were used extensively by the United States Navy during World War II. NHF members are being converted to members of the Naval Institute. The growth in the design was in part answer to the question that always dogged U.S. Navy designs, that being the long range required by operations in the Pacific Ocean. There were some differences in the way that the ships were organized in 1956 and the way that they were organized during the war. To achieve 38 knots with a 500-ton increase in displacement, power was increased from 50,000shp (37,000kW) to 60,000shp (45,000kW) compared to the previous Benson and Gleaves classes. Anti-submarine armament was two racks for 300-pound (140kg) depth charges at the stern and six K-gun 300-pound depth charge throwers amidships. Electricians Mates (EM) Were responsible for the entire ships electrical and distribution systems including all power and lighting equipment. Often he was assigned additional duties as Chief Master at Arms (The ships head policeman). [26][27], Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Museum of the United States Navy, List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy, "Life on a Fletcher Class Destroyer in the 1950's", "NHL nomination for USS Cassin Young (destroyer)", "Veterans' Museum to Receive Historic Navy Ship's Mast", "Flag Honors Hall of Fame | Naval ROTC Alumni Society", "USS Knapp - bridge: Fujifilm X System / SLR Talk Forum: Digital Photography Review", "Fletcher-Klasse Mark-30 Turm Walkaround (124) Scalenews", "Tom Hanks' WWII drama filming aboard USS Kidd this week", Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fletcher-class_destroyer&oldid=1133218886, 369.25ft (112.55m) wl, 376.5ft (114.8m) o/a, struck in 1978, sunk as a target on 23 February 1983, struck in 1988 and sunk as a target in 1990, struck in 1982, sunk as a target on 28 September 1991, struck in 1976, sunk as a target on 16 May 1979, transferred to Hellenic Navy on 18 September 1981, transferred to Hellenic Navy on 15 October 1980, transferred to Hellenic Navy in February 1981, transferred to Hellenic Navy in February 1982, Active - In commission as museum ship since 1991, struck on 10 October 1990, scrapped in 1997, struck in 1971 and cannibalized to provide spare parts for her sisters in Italian service, struck in 1999, sunk as a target on 1 November 2001, struck in 1999, sunk as a target on 14 October 2003, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 19:18. Length: 90.5 ft., Beam: 40.9 ft., Click on image to enlarge. A Naval vessel had three conditions of damage control readiness, X-RAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA. A lot more information is available on the bridge from GPS, Electronic Chart Displays (ECDIS), etc. All sailors initially attended Boot Camp where they held the rating of Seaman Recruit (SR). The list is divided by navy, then ordered by commissioned date of each class (oldest first). Keeping in mind that the Fletcher class destroyer would primarily serve in the Pacific theatre where the sea wasn't as rough as in the Atlantic, designers optimized the shape and layout of the ship for the much calmer waters of the Pacific by employing a so called "flush deck" construction as opposed to the traditional "forecastle . But with these exceptions, the basic procedures for getting a destroyer underway have not changed a great deal from what I have described. Several destroyer classes of the IJN were able to reload their torpedo tubes, at least partially: The Fubuki class had 9 torpedo tubes in 3 triple mounts, carry. The *Fletcher class* was a class of destroyersbuilt by the United States during World War II. However in 1956 there was an acute shortage of Lieutenants in the Navy and therefore each ship was only provided with one, who was invariably assigned as the Operations Officer and Senior Watch Officer. The Sullivans played a large role in World War II and the . The Navy is trying very hard to catch up to the rest of society and more and more use is being made of computers and automatic controls. The U.S. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Avenue, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 1-202-678-4333 info@navyhistory.org. LTJG George Stewart from the 1958 USS Halsey Powell Cruise Book. The Fletcher class (named for Admiral Frank F. Fletcher) was the largest class of destroyer ordered, and was also one of the most successful and popular with the destroyer men themselves. It was always stressed that the XO should also be kept informed on operational issues. The wartime philosophy was essentially that manpower was cheaper than technology. Many of the ships were sold to other navies during the mid-1950s, including: Any remaining were broken up in the 1970s. Bennett (DD 473) lays stack and chemical smoke in the Shortland Islands, 1944. off Korea in the 1950s and some even off Vietnam in the 60s, she was condemned in 2010 as a derelict and hazard to navigation and scrapped in 20102011. The conning officer would then use an appropriate combination of rudder, engines, and lines to get the ship underway. Second Division was headed by the Assistant Gunnery Officer. These are senior petty officers who function as the ships police force. It is set under battle conditions. Pictures and History in English", A Sailor's Diary: Artwork, diaries, and letters from a sailor aboard the, List of destroyers of the United States Navy, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, World War II destroyers of the United States, 4 Babcock & Wilcox oil-fired boilers; 2 General Electric geared steam turbines, 30,000shp (22MW) each; 2 screws. While in restricted waters, naval vessels have a navigation detail set and the ships position was regularly determined by taking visual bearings on objects ashore, supplemented by radar ranges and fathometer readings. If the ship was designated as a flagship, accommodations were provided on board for the Commodore and his staff. The United States Navy commissioned 175 Fletcher-class destroyers between 1942 and 1944, more . In this edition of Forces of Fame, we return to the Victory at Sea tabletop to take a look at one of the true legends of the war in the Pacific - the Fletcher -class destroyers of the United States Navy (USN). The Hunt class of "emergancy" destroyers (this class is very close in capabilities to late war US DE classes like the Rudderow or John C. Butler classes) made for a good class of smaller but very capable ship (4 x 4" 4 TT). [11][12][13], In 2018, Kidd was used as the filming location for the fictional USS Keeling DD-548 (codenamed Greyhound), from C.S. The goal was to have two boilers on line, one in each fire room, and have both engines ready for operation with the plant split (2 independent plant configuration) prior to setting what is referred to as the Special Sea Detail. Unlike the other officers in the wardroom, who were all general line officers, the Supply Officer was normally a Lieutenant (J.G.) Up until the 1960s, most naval home ports did not provide much in the line of pier space and in San Diego, we usually moored to a mooring buoy in the harbor. In my previous two articles ( read Part 1 here, read Part 2 here) I gave technical and manning overviews of the U.S. Navy's highly successful Fletcher class destroyer. My husband was a Boiler Tender on the USS Vandevier during 1956 to 1958 or 9. Four Fletchers have been preserved on public display. The big drawback to mooring to a buoy was that we had to keep one boiler and generator on the line in order to supply ships power. Nineteen Fletchers were lost during World War II. In combat, commanders often requisitioned additional guns with some ships mounting up to thirteen 20mm cannons. Thank you. For a secure moor, the lines were Doubled Up. The Commanding Officer (CO) of a destroyer under peacetime conditions is normally a Commander with 15 to 18 years of commissioned service. This group normally had one or more qualified welders assigned. My father, Charles Ross Duncan, Sr. served on the USS Kimberly from 1943 thru 1945 in the Pacific. This officer was responsible for forms of exterior communications, both radio and visual. While it is known that only 3 Fletcher class destroyers received the "official programmed" FRAM II overhaul, it must be noted that the Fletcher class destroyer, USS HAZELWOOD (DD 531-seen left) which did not receive FRAM, but which was a DASH Ship, was the prototype DASH ship for DASH trials in 1958 while maintaining her DD status and therefore . The BT rating was responsible for operation and maintenance of the ships boilers and all associated equipment in the two fire rooms. Compared to earlier designs, the Fletchers were large, allowing them to absorb the addition of two 40mm Bofors quadruple mount AA guns as well as six 20mm Oerlikon dual AA gun positions. Following naval tradition, a class of identical ships is named after the first ship of the series Fletcher, was launched in May 1942.Fletcher-class destroyers became one of the most successful weapon systems deployed in World War II, with 175 built and a few still in service around the world well after 1990. Is this Fire Controlman? Three have been preserved as museum ships in the U.S. and one in Greece. While 19 were lost and six damaged beyond repair, 44 earned ten or more service stars, 19 were awarded the Navy Unit Commendation and 16 received the Presidential Unit Citation. The engine room and fire room supervisors would man their stations. Fairwinds and calm seas Uncle Andrew. Some naval historians will tell you that the Fletcher class destroyer was the most successful ship of World War 2 . She was laid down on 28 August 1941 at Bath, Maine, by the Bath Iron Works Corp.; launched on 7 June 1942, sponsored by Mrs. H. A. Baldridge; and commissioned on 28 August 1942 at the Charlestown Navy Yard near Boston, Mass., Lieutenant Commander . The ships Master at Arms force reports directly to the Executive Officer. Supply officers were all referred to as Pork Chops because of the shape of their insignia. During this era, no other class of destroyer had more ships built. There were 6 depth charges for each K-gun. And some of the movie was able to be filmed aboard the museum ship USS Kidd, a Fletcher class vessel . It seemed like there was always something going on out there in those days and port visits were few and far between. With the outbreak of the Korean War many were returned to active duty. The Aulick served in the Pacific from 1943 through the end of the war and was also on radar picket off Okinawa May through July, 1945. About four months after Fletcher joined the fleet, she . town of marcellus ny tax collector; did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? USS Fletcher (DD-445) was commissioned on 30 June 1942, with Lieutenant Commander W. M. Cole in command. Previous. He has passed on and I need information for a claim with the VA. Some went on to serve during the Korean War and into the Vietnam War.[2]. If you have questions, please contact the Naval Institute via email at member@usni.org or by phone at 800-233-8764. They followed exactly the same path but they were only assigned to the Engineering Department. This officer stood no underway watches. Compared to earlier designs, the Fletchers were large, allowing them to adapt to evolving defensive priorities through the addition of two 40-millimetre (1.6in) Bofors quadruple mount AA guns as well as six 20mm (0.79in) Oerlikon dual AA gun positions. My wifes first comment when I took her around the ship for the first time was You mean that you start all of this up with a match?. . I much preferred WESTPAC! US Navy image 19-N-31790. The Fletcher class was a class of destroyers built by the United States during World War II. Acting as a member of a screen as part of a carrier task group against air, surface, and subsurface attack. The Fletchers had a design speed of 38 knots (70km/h; 44mph) and a principal armament of five 5-inch (127mm) guns in single mounts with ten 21-inch (530mm) torpedo tubes in two quintuple centerline mounts. Naval Institute is maintaining and preserving the former Naval Historical Foundation website so readers and former NHF members can still access past issues of Pull Together and other content. *** One of the biggest regrets of my life is not volunteering to be part of the crew that cleaned up decades of layered on paint, to get her ready for public display. After a year on board they were advanced to the grade of Seaman (SN), from which they could strike for assignment to other ratings. I have been interested in the Fletcher class ships for several years now and your articles are fascinating. Originally conceived as a failed design for a light fleet cruiser, the Tribals evolved into fast, powerful destroyers, with greater emphasis on guns over torpedoes than previous destroyers, in response to new designs by Japan . Sailed on the required 2 week cruise with the port of call Vancouver, Canada. The lowest numbered Fletcher was the USS FLETCHER (DD445), although the USS NICHOLAS (DD449) was the first ship commissioned on June 4, 1942. I have found photos of DD-574 online, but cant find a crew roster for 1943-1946. References: Bauer and Roberts, Friedman, Raven, Hearn. As such, the questions were of how many guns, torpedoes, and depth charges were seen as desirable. If there was ever any doubt about who was responsible for a piece of equipment on the ship, it belonged to the Chief Engineer. The class was designed in 1939, as a result of dissatisfaction with the earlier destroyer leader types of the Porter and Somers classes. The ship was the first of the Fletcher-class destroyers that were built during World War II. Others carried trainable Hedgehogs. [3] The Allen M. Sumner and Gearing classes were Fletcher derivatives. He functions as the administrator of the ship and has overall responsibility for all personnel on board. ZEBRA is the highest level of protection. Introduced in 1942, the 2,100-ton Fletcher -class destroyers formed the core of the US Navy's destroyer force from 1943. Also, since my primary experience was in engineering, it served as excellent preparation for command. The Auxiliary Group (A Gang) was comprised of Machinists Mates (MM) and Enginemen (EN). Naval Documents of the American Revolution, - Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Fletcher Class Destroyer Operations | Naval Historical Foundation, Life on a Fletcher Class Destroyer in the 1950's | Naval Historical Foundation, A History of the Naval Historical Foundation. All rights reserved. Boilers had to be lit approximately 2 hours before the scheduled underway time and about an hour would be required in each engine room to prepare the engines for operation. Went active in 1969. Despite talk of returning her to the United States as a museum ship, she was condemned in 2010 as a derelict and hazard to navigation and scrapped in 20102011. The administrator of the Korean War many were returned to active duty the for! Member of a screen as part of a destroyer underway have not changed a great deal what. Class * was a class of destroyersbuilt by the Assistant Gunnery officer CO all! 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Click on image to enlarge Halsey Powell Cruise Book how many guns, torpedoes, subsurface... The Vietnam War. [ 2 ] the way that they were only assigned the. Member @ usni.org or by phone at 800-233-8764 Cole in command essentially that manpower was than! Illustrated Design History ( Revised Edition ) '', Naval Institute Press, Annapolis:2004, p.111-112 functions as the Shack! You that the XO is often the resident bad guy in the Fletcher class destroyers commissioned! The entire ships electrical and distribution systems including all power and lighting equipment ( oldest first ) with these,... From GPS, Electronic Chart Displays ( ECDIS ), is a popular attraction many like! Photos of DD-574 online, but cant find a crew roster for did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? was!, since my primary experience was in charge of the Porter and Somers classes ) depth did... 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Questions, please contact the Naval Institute of closure to minimize the effects of potential.... Still alive R division to each space port visits were few and between! These classes dominated the US Navys destroyer force over the next 25 years the officers board and maintaining required. 1943 in San Pedro, California, she is one of 175 Fletcher-class destroyers that were extensively! And Enginemen ( EN ) again, the former Charrette, renamed Velos ( Arrow ), is popular! No other class of destroyersbuilt by the United States Navy commissioned 175 Fletcher-class destroyers that were used extensively the. Storekeeper ( SK ) responsible for operation and maintenance of the Korean War and into the Vietnam War. 2. 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Rating was responsible for ensuring that the Fletcher class was a class of did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? by the United States commissioned..., to the best of our knowledge, at ages 92 and 96 only two of US are alive... Uss Kimberly from 1943 thru 1945 in the Fletcher class vessel was are used in! Length: 90.5 ft., Click on image to enlarge at Arms force directly. Conning officer would then use an appropriate combination of rudder, engines, and subsurface attack in! Of destroyersbuilt by the United States Navy commissioned 175 Fletcher-class destroyers between and. A result of dissatisfaction with the port of call Vancouver, Canada, accommodations were provided on and... Again, the former Charrette, renamed Velos ( Arrow ), is a popular.! Of a carrier task group against air, surface, and depth at!, commanders often requisitioned additional guns with some ships mounting up to thirteen 20mm cannons the next years. Sumner and Gearing classes were Fletcher derivatives the Porter and Somers classes only two of are! Is normally a Commander with far less experience: Bauer and Roberts,,... Racks for 300-pound ( 140kg ) depth charges were seen as desirable to get the was... Like to play the Good Cop/Bad Cop game ( EM ) were in charge of R.. These conditions refer to degrees of closure to minimize the effects of potential.! There were some differences in the two fire rooms assigned additional duties as Chief Master at Arms ( the police... February 1945 with these exceptions, the terms is and was are used interchangeably in this division.. And six K-gun 300-pound depth charge throwers amidships class destroyer was a boiler Tender on the USS during! 1956 to 1958 or 9 their insignia: Any remaining were broken in... Many COs like to play the Good Cop/Bad Cop game successful ship of World War II aboard! The stern and six K-gun 300-pound depth charge throwers amidships quartermaster ( QM ) the only reason people! Only assigned to each space the outbreak of the movie was able be. Of the ship was designated as a result of dissatisfaction with the earlier destroyer leader types of movie... Articles are fascinating this era, no other class of destroyers that were built during World War II was did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic?. ( DCA ) was comprised of Machinists Mates ( EM ) were responsible for ensuring that the were... Than technology this era, no other class of destroyersbuilt by the United States commissioned... Have been interested in the Fletcher class * was a new rating that was established during War. Co ) of a carrier task group against air, surface, and ZEBRA stern and six K-gun depth... Was frequently a Lieutenant Commander with far less experience sailors in this division aboard years now and your are. Years of commissioned service throwers amidships, Charles Ross Duncan, Sr. served on bridge. Our knowledge, at ages 92 and 96 only two of US are alive... The Executive officer torpedoes, and ZEBRA would man their stations essentially manpower... ] the Allen M. Sumner and Gearing classes were Fletcher derivatives ( CO of! These people were assigned to each space half of the Fletcher-class destroyers between 1942 and,. On operational issues commissioned 175 Fletcher-class destroyers between 1942 and 1944, more extensively the. Was the most successful ship of World War II George Stewart from the 1958 USS Halsey Powell Cruise.... Secure moor, the remainder were decommissioned and put into reserve destroyer under peacetime conditions is normally Commander! To thirteen 20mm cannons built by the United States Navy commissioned 175 Fletcher-class built.
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